What is urology?
Urology is a specialized branch of medicine and a physician who specializes in urology is called a urologist. Diseases and disorders of the following organs fall within the scope of work of a surgeon and urologist:
What you will read next:
Kidneys and ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Cavernous and urinary tract stones
Urinary tract infections in men and women
Sexually transmitted diseases in men
Reproductive disorders in men
Kidney transplant
And....
Diseases of the urological branch
The following are the topics and titles of diseases and disorders that are in the scope of duties and knowledge of urologists.
Kidney disease is one of the most common urological problems that many people experience in different degrees throughout their lives.
The disease itself is divided into the following two forms:
-
Acute renal failure
-
Chronic renal failure
Diseases and inflammation of glomeruli (glomerulonephritis) :
This complication also appears in two types, acute and chronic
The acute form includes the following:
- Inflammation of the glomerulus after streptococcal infection (post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis)
- Post-infectious endocarditis glomerulonephritis
- Shunt Nephritis
- Lupus
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Good posture syndrome
And the chronic form includes the following:
- FSJS
- MPGN
- Membranous Glomerulonephritis
- Immunoglobulin a glomerulonephritis
- And....
Nephrotic syndromes
There are several types of these syndromes, including:
- Minimal Chang disease
- FSJS
- Diabetes
- Systemic lupus
- Effects of drugs
- Amyloidosis
Kidney and urinary tract infections
These infections are divided into two different types:
- Pyelonephritis
- Urethritis
Urinary Tract Diseases (Ureter):
Urinary tract diseases can be congenital or acquired during life.
Congenital
- dual ureter (duplex ureter) (urethrosis)
Acquire
- ureteral stenosis
- ureteral obstruction
- ureteral stone
- ureteral cancer
Bladder diseases
After kidney problems, it can be said that bladder problems are among the most common complications of urology. This includes the following :
Inflammation of the bladder (cystitis)
GERD (urinary relapse) Vesicoureteral reflux)
Bladder stones
Obstruction of the bladder outlet
Urinary incontinence
Sometimes urinary incontinence is caused by old age and weakened muscles. Sometimes there are other causes for it, even in youth. Types of urinary incontinence include:
Irritable bladder
Neurogenic bladder
Frequent urination
Bladder cancers
Testicular diseases:
An urologist can intervene in the treatment and diagnosis of testicular diseases, which include the following:
- Hydrocele
- Testicular torsion
- Inguinal Herniation
- Spermatocele (testicular cyst)
- epididymal Cyst
- Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles)
- Inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis)
- Trauma to the testicles
- Testicular pain
- Orchiectomy (testicular resection)
- Testicular prosthesis
- No testicles descending from inside the abdomen
- Testicular cancers
Prostate diseases
Prostate disease is one of the most common diseases in men, which is divided into the following according to the causative agent:
Acute bacterial prostatitis
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Chronic prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome)
Asymptomatic prostatitis
Benign prostate enlargement
Prostate cancers
Prostate resection (prostatectomy)
Prostate laser therapy
Diseases of the penis
The urologist can also perform diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in the following cases:
- Penile pain
- Priapism
- Small penis
- Penile curvature (pyrene disease)
- Prosthesis
- Penis with hymen
- Balanitis
- Penis lengthening surgery
- Cancers
- Skin diseases of the penis
- Hidden or buried penis
kidney stone
As we have said, kidney problems are very common and various, among which many kidney stones sound more familiar. Kidney stones are divided into different types. This includes the following, each of which is treated by an urologist.
Calcium stones
Cysteine stone
Urate stone
Struvite stone (infectious)
Treatment of kidney and urinary tract stones in children
Treatment of kidney and urinary tract stones in adults
Ways to prevent kidney and urinary tract stones
Polycystic kidney
Non-hereditary polycystic kidney disease
Dominant autosomal polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Infertility disorders in men
The urologist can diagnose, treat, and intervene in male infertility and take the following steps:
- Diagnosis of infertility in men
- Sperm test
- Oligospermia
- Investigation of obstructions leading to infertility
- Male infertility
Men's sexual disorders
A urologist will also be able to intervene in men's sexual and reproductive problems. These problems can be very diverse, the most common of which are the following:
- Premature ejaculation
- Delayed ejaculation
- Masturbation
- Decreased libido
- Sexual desire control
- Erection Disorders
- Bloody semen
- Decreased testosterone
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
These diseases also occur through sexual intercourse, sometimes through contact of the genital area with the infected area. And includes the following:
- Genital Warts
- Genital herpes
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- Chlamydial urethritis
- Chancroid
- Lymphogranuloma and neuroma
Dialysis
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Hemodialysis
- And ....
Urological surgeries
The surgeries that an urologist can perform are very extensive. Many laparoscopic urological surgeries can be performed today, which do not require anesthesia and large skin incisions are not made in them. In addition,rehabilitation and discharge from the hospital will be much faster for patients who have undergone laparoscopic surgery than open surgery.